Life & Consciousness
Abiogenesis (Oparin–Haldane / “Primordial Soup”)
Life arose from non-living chemistry: simple organic molecules in early Earth conditions gradually self-organized into self-replicating systems.
Proponents
Alexander Oparin, J. B. S. Haldane, Stanley Miller & Harold Urey (1953 experiment)
Evidence For
The Miller–Urey experiment showed amino acids can form spontaneously from a simulated early-Earth atmosphere and an energy source.
Evidence Against
The atmosphere used in the original experiment is now thought to be a poor match for early Earth conditions; the leap from simple organics to self-replication remains unexplained.
Real Sources
Transmissions
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